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  • ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ/ืชื’ืœื™ื” ื’ื•ื˜ืžืŸ

ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืื’ื ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ, ืจื•ืกื™ื”

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 11 ื‘ืืคืจืณ 2020

ื”ืคื ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ

"ืกืคืกื™ื‘ื”, ื“ื–'ื“ื•ืฉืงื” ื‘ึธึผื™ื™ืงึธืœ" (ืชื•ื“ื”, ืกื‘ื ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ), ืงืจื ื ื”ื’ ื”ืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืคืจืฉ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื”ืกื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ืคืฆื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืจื˜ื‘ื ื• ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื” ื”ืžืงืจื˜ืขืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื“ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ืจ ืกึถืœึถื ื’ึธื” ื”ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืžื”ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™ื” ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื” ื•ื ืฉืคืš ืœื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ, ืžืฉื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื—ืช ืžื™ื ืžืกื ื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื‘ื“ื™ ื ื•ืคืจ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืคื” ื•ืฉื ื ื™ืžืคืื•ืช. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืจืขืช ืขืจื‘ื” ืจื—ื‘ื”. ื”ืจื•ื— ืคื•ืจืขืช ื’ืœื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืฉื‘. ืขื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืกื™ื ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืขื™ื˜ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืฅ. ื•ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื•ืกื™ืœื™ื™ื‘ื™ืฅ' ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœื•ืจ, ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืืจื•ื—ื”. ืื—ื•ืชื• ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืื•ึผื—ึธื” (ืžืจืง ื“ื’ื™ื ืจื•ืกื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™), ืงืฆื™ืฆื•ืช ื“ื’ื™ื, ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”. ื•ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืฉืกื‘ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1938, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ืขื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขื‘ ื›ืจืก ื•ืžืžืœื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกึธืžื•ึนื’ื•ึนืŸ (ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช), ืคืขื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืคืขื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ.

ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืกืช ืœื™ืœื” ืžืžื•ืกืงื‘ื” ืœืื™ืจืงื•ืฆืง, ื‘ื™ืจืช ืžื–ืจื— ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ. ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืื™ืจ ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืืจืฅ ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ืžื‘ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืขื ืง. ืื™ืจืงื•ืฆืง, ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืช ื›-600 ืืœืฃ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ืช ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืึทื ึฐื’ึธืจึธื”, ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”-17 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื•ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืืจื™ื ืœืžื–ืจื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ื”ืจื•ืกื™. ื”ื™ื ืžืชื”ื“ืจืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืขืฅ ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื™ื ืขื ืชืจื™ืกื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืจื›ื•ื‘ื™ ืขืฅ ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ืชื—ืจื”, ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืœื™ื ืžื•ื–ื”ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ". ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืฉืœื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืชืงืŸ ื”ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืจืง ื›ืžื• ืื•ืคื ื•ืข ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืงืฉื•ื—ื” ื—ืกืžื” ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื“ืงื” ื›ืœ ืฆ'ื™ืžื™ื“ืŸ. ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ. ื”ืงื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžืขืœ ืœืืคืก. ืืคืกื ื• ื‘ืžื–ื•ื•ื“ื” ืืช ืžืขื™ืœ ื”ืคืœื™ืก ื•ืขื™ืžื• ืขื•ื“ ืื™ ืื™ืœื• ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื.

ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืก-ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช

ื›ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื ื“ืจื” ืงืคื•ืื•ืช, ื–ืื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืœืœื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืœืื’ื™ื. ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืฆืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื‘ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื ืืจืฅ ื’ื–ื™ืจื”, ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ืœื ื—ื–ืจื•. ืื‘ืœ ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช. ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ, ืฆืœืœื ื• ืœื™ืขืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ื™ื’ื” ืืคืœื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ ืœื‘ื ื”, ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื–ืงื•ืคื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื•ืช, ืจืื™ื ื• ืคืจื™ื—ืช ืงื™ืฅ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื‘ืช, ื ื—ืฉืคื ื• ืœืจื ืกื ืก ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืžืคืจื‘ื•ืกืœืื‘ื™ ืขื“ ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™, ื•ื”ืชืืจื—ื ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื. ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืข ืžื ื˜ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื›ืจื ื• ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื›ืจื ื•.

ื‘ืฉืขืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื ืกื™ืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ, ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืกืขื” ืคืขื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ื˜ืจื ืก-ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช. ื›ื™ื•ื ื–ื”ื• ืงื• ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ืชื™ื™ืจื™ ืคื ื™ื. ื”ื ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื›ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื•, ืฉืชื• ืžืฉื”ื•, ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ืงืœืคื™ื. ืžื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื ืฉืงืคื• ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื, ื›ืคืจื™ื ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ืขืฅ ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช. ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื ืกืขื” ืœืื˜, ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืฆืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื” ื ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื•ืฉืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืกืœื™ื ืขื ื“ื’ื™ ืื•ึนืžื•ึผืœ (ื“ื’ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ) ืžืขื•ืฉื ื™ื ืขื˜ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจ ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื•ืกืœืกืœื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืช ืฉื“ื”.

ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ, ืื—ื“ ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, 636 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืื•ืจื›ื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกืชื ื™ืžื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื ื”ืขืจืฆื”. ืขืžื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ืกื’ื“ื• ืœื•, ืื”ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ื—ืฉืฉื• ืžืคื ื™ื•, ื•ื”ื™ืจืื” ื”ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืงื” ื’ื ื‘ืงื•ื–ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื. "ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืžื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ ืจื‘ ืชืคืืจืช", ื”ืชื ื’ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ืขืชื™ืง ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืงืœื” โ€“ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืกืคื™ื ืช ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืกื‘ื” ืœืกืคื™ื ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื - ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื’ื ื• ืืœ ืืจื›ื™ืคืœื’ ืื•ึผืฉึฐืงึธืื ึดื™ ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ.

ื‘ืื•ืฉืงืื ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื™ืจืคื•ืช (Nerpa), ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืชื•ืงื™ื. ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืกื™ื”, ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื›ืœ ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช. ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœื• ืœื›ืืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ ื—ื“ืจ ืœืฉืงืข ื”ืื“ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ื”ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ. ื›ืœื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื•, ื”ืกืชื’ืœื• ืœืžื™ ื”ื™ืžื” ื”ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื, ืฉืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื.

ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืžื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืื™ื™ ื”ืืจื›ื™ืคืœื’ ื•ืฆืขื“ื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ืื•ืจืŸ. ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื—ื™ ืงื™ืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื›ื• ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ ื•ืกื’ื•ืœ, ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืชื›ืœืช. ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขืžื“ ืจื™ื— ืžืชื•ืง ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจ. ืฆืขื“ื ื• ื›ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืจืคื•ืช ื”ื ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื’ื“ื” ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจื™ืช. ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืจืื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื, ืจื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ืกืœืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืฆื‘ืฅ ืžื”ืžื™ื. ื”ื ื’ื™ืจื“ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื’ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืงืคืฆื• ื•ืฉื›ืฉื›ื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื˜ื™ืคืกื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืกืœืข ื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ืžืœื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืฉืชื–ืคื• ื‘ืฉืžืฉ - ืขื•ื“ ืžื—ื–ื” ืฉืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ.

ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืขื’ื ื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ืื–ืจืชื™ ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืœืžื™ื. ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขื ื’ื™ื. ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืื—ืจื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื—ื™ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื”, ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ื•ื•ื“ืงื” ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ื“ ืœื™ื“ ื”ืฆื™ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื–ื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื. ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื” ืขืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื ื›ื–ื‘ืช. ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ื ื™ื“ื— ืื™ ืฉื ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉืจื” ืขื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืจื ื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ.

ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืจื•ื—

ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืืœ ื”ืื™ ืื•ึนืœึฐื—ื•ึนืŸ, ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืื™ื™ ื”ืื’ื, ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ึผื•ึผืจึดื™ืึธื˜ึดื™ื (ืฉื‘ื˜ ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™) ื”ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ืคื•ืœื—ื ื™ื ืฉืžืื ื™ื™ื. "ื’ื‘ืจ ืœืœื ืกื•ืก ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืขืจื‘ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืจื•ื—", ืฉืจ ื–ืžืจ ื”"ื—ื•ึผืžึดื™" (ืฉื™ืจื” ื’ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืžื•ื ื’ื•ืœื™ืช), ื•ื—ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจืชื• ืกื•ืก ื“ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืจื•ื— ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืœืื’. ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื™ื›ืจื™ื ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืฅ ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1956. ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ื”ื ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื–ื—, ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืขืฅ ื•ืคืกื™ ืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืœืขืช ืขืจื‘ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืื•ึผืกึฐื˜ ื‘ึทึผืจื’ื•ึผื–ึดื™ืŸ. ื”ืชืืจื—ื ื• ืืฆืœ ืกืฉื”, ื”ืจื™ื™ื ื’'ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื‘ึผึทืจื’ื•ื–ื™ื ืกืงื™ ื•ืจืขื™ื™ืชื• ื’ืœื™ื ื”. ืกืฉื” ืขื™ืฉืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ื• ื“ื’ื™ ืื•ืžื•ืœ "ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื™ืงืœ ืงื•ืคื ืงื•ื“ื—ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืคืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื—, ืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืจืฉืช ืื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื•ืœืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื’ ื‘ื—ื›ื”", ืกื™ืคืจ ืกืฉื”. "ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ ืงื•ืคื, ื‘ื•ื–ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืงืฆืช ืžืœื— ื•ืคืœืคืœ ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื™ื".

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืกืฉื” ืžืขืฉืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื ื• ืœื‘ึทึผื ื™ึทื” (ืกืื•ื ื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช) ืฉื‘ื—ืฆืจ. ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื‘ืงืชื” ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ ืขืฅ ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืงืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื“ืจื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืžืžืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืง ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกืง ื‘ืขืฆื™ื. ื”ื—ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื›ื‘ืฉืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื“. ื‘ืชืจื•ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื“ื™ืช ืขืฅ ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉื•ืื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ืจื•ืชื—ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ืฆื‘ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื’ื™ืช, ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžื™ื ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช ืขื“ ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื•ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืชืขื ื’ื™ื. ื—ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื–ืจื“ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉื’ื“ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื‘ึทึผื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื•ื•ื“ืงื”. ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื–ืืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”, ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ืื ื—ื ื•, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื—ืกื•ื“ื™ื, ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“, ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืคืกืคืกื ื•. ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืจื•ืกื™ืช ืืžืชื™ืช.

ื‘ื™ืช ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ

ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื’ืœื™ื ื” ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืกืžืช, ื‘ืœื™ื ืฆ'ืก ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืจื™ื‘ืช ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช. ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืืœ ืขืžืง ื‘ึทึผืจื’ื•ื–ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืื™ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื˜ืคื—ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื—ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืขืฅ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืขื ืชืจื™ืกื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืื™ื›ืจ ืขื ืงืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื™ืš ืกื•ืก ืขื ืขื’ืœื” ื‘ืฉื“ื”.

ืื ืœื ืžื’ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื—ืœื•ื“ ืฉืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ, ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ื”ื ื•ืฉืง ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืจื’ื•ื–ื™ืŸ. ืขื™ื–ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื” ืžื’ื•ืœืฃ ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืจื” ื ื›ืชื‘: "...ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“...ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืงืœ ื‘ืจ ืืจื™ื”...ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”...ื“ืขื” ืœืืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื™ ื™ื•ืจื” ืœื ื•...ื›ื™ ื”ื ืš ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื‘ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืจื•ื—ืš ืชืœืš ืขืžื ื•...". ืื’ื‘, ื›ืืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ื•ื‘ื•ืžื™ื™ืกืงื™, ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ื ื•ื‘ื•ืžื™ื™ืกืงื™, ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืกื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืืฉืœื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช. ื ืจืื” ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ืคืจ, ืฉืœื ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื• ืืฃ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืจืขื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื•ืช. ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช.

ื”ืžืฉื›ื ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืฉืœ "ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื" (ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ืกึถืžึถื™ื™ืกืงึดื™), ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื’ืœื• ืœืกื™ื‘ื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืื‘ืงื ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžืจื•ืชื”. ื”ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžืจื• ืืช ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืžืกื•ืจืชื. ื ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจ, ื‘ืชืœื‘ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉืจื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจื•. ื›ื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืกืžื•ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืžื–ื’ื• ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ึทึผื™ื™ืืŸ (ืืงื•ืจื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™), ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืจื•ืกื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.


ื—ื‘ืœ ืฉืชืคืกืคืกื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื”ืจืฉืžื• ื•ื ื™ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ

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